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Post-Biblical times
In post-Biblical times, the shofar was enhanced in its
religious use because of the ban on playing musical instruments
as a sign of mourning for the destruction of the temple.
(It is noted that a full orchestra played in the temple,
including, perhaps, a primitive organ.) The shofar continues
to announce the New Year and the new moon, to introduce
Shabbat, to carry out the commandment to sound it on Rosh
Hashanah, and to mark the end of the day of fasting on
Yom Kippur once the services have completed in the evening.
The secular uses have been discarded (although the shofar
was sounded to commemorate the reunification of Jerusalem
in 1967) (Judith Kaplan Eisendrath, Heritage of Music,
New York: UAHC, 1972, pp. 44–45).
The shofar is primarily associated with Rosh Hashanah.
Indeed, Rosh Hashanah is called "Yom T’ruah"
(the day of the shofar blast). In the Mishnah (book of
early rabbinic laws derived from the Torah), a discussion
centers on the centrality of the shofar in the time before
the destruction of the second temple (70 AD). Indeed,
the shofar was the center of the ceremony, with two silver
trumpets playing a lesser role. On other solemn holidays,
fasts, and new moon celebrations, two silver trumpets
were featured, with one shofar playing a lesser role.
The shofar is also associated with the jubilee year in
which, every fifty years, Jewish law provided for the
release of all slaves, land, and debts. The sound of the
shofar on Rosh Hashanah announced the jubilee year, and
the sound of the shofar on Yom Kippur proclaimed the actual
release of financial encumbrances. |
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The
halakha (Jewish law) rules that the shofar may not be
sounded on Shabbat due to the potential that the ba’al
tekiyah (shofar sounder) may inadvertently carry it which
is in a class of forbidden Shabbat work (RH 29b) the historical
explanation is that in ancient Israel, the shofar was
sounded on Shabbat in the temple located in Jerusalem.
After the temple’s destruction, the sounding of the shofar
on Shabbat was restricted to the place where the great
Sanhedrin (Jewish legislature and court from 400 BCE to
100 C.E.) was located. However, when the Sanhedrin ceased
to exist, the sounding of the shofar on Shabbat was discontinued
(Kieval, The High Holy Days, p. 114).
The shofar says, "Wake up from your (moral) sleep.
You are asleep. Get up from your slumber. You are in a
deep sleep. Search for your behavior. Become the best
person you can. Remember God, the One Who created you."
Mishneh Torah, Laws of Repentance 3:4. x |
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